Managing Public and Private Organizations Research Paper

Managing Public and Private Organizations - Research Paper Example Most importantly, effective leadership significantly reduces power distances across people by building constructive relationship based on mutual respect and cross-cultural understanding. This motivates the workforce to work on common goals with greater sense of responsibility and accountability. Q2. Discuss the factors that influence individual behavior. (Chap 11) The major factors that influence individual behaviour are personal value system, cultural paradigms, self-efficacy and hierarchy of needs. Personal value system is important issue that serves as guideline for individual behaviour. The ethical considerations and moral code of actions influence and guide one’s actions and general behaviour. In the era of rapid globalization, diversity has become a key issue and cultural paradigms have emerged as pertinent factors that not only give distinct identity to individuals but also provide them with unique cultural identities. Hierarchy of needs vis-a-vis physiological, social security, self-esteem and self-actualization, of individuals motivates them to change their behaviour and work towards achievement of their desired goals. Q3. Discuss how behavior management can be utilized to motivate employees. (Chap 11) Behaviour management is crucial psychological tool used within management funda that helps to streamline and encourage right attitude and behaviour across employees in an organization. Behaviour management relies on the code of conduct and in creating a facilitating environment of motivation and re-enforcement with regard to the various needs and requirements of the employees (Dessler, 2007). Thus, merit based performance, incentives, reward and punishment etc. become key ingredients of behaviour management within an organization. SMART goals comprising specific, measurable, attainable, relevant and timely, are set by individuals to achieve their short term and long term personal and professional goals. Q4. Describe the communication process and h ow barriers to communication can be overcome.  Ã‚  (Chap 12) Effective communication facilitates in developing mutual respect and cross-cultural understanding that helps to resolve workplace conflicts and promote efficient, goal based teamwork to achieve organizational goals and objectives (Bateman & Snell, 2009). The major barrier to communication is the lack of cross-cultural values and psychological barriers like low self- esteem of people who may belong to diverse culture, race, colour and ethnicity. Understanding of cross-cultural values helps build strong relationship based on trust and mutual respect. Thus, overcoming the barriers of communication has emerged as powerful tool to develop cohesive work environment that motivates workforce to work for common goals collectively. Q5. Discuss how technology can be utilized to improve an organization’s informal communication.  Ã‚  (Chap 12) Technology has significantly redefined communication (Reynolds, 2010). The compute r, internet and other technological gizmos like smart phones have become important facilitators of communication. Through the use of electronic boards, email, video-conferencing etc. organizations promote informal communication across the workers. The electronic boards have become popular platforms for sharing information and solving queries. Encouraging workers for

WGS final Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

WGS final - Assignment Example As seen in the work of Kirk & Okazawa-Rey, as the women grow up, they are socialized into women and even given descriptions on how a perfect female body should look like and how they are anticipated to live up to this reality (121-162). The women in turn completely change their views on how their bodies look like, design new model of their look and even change their beliefs on their exact identity. With this in mind, it is expected that the women will take into account what their bodies are made for and even attempt to determine how their bodies will change as they develop from one stage to another (Kirk & Okazawa-Rey 121-162). This thought is shared by Serdar who indicates that, the media has continually shaped the female body image (1). In her opinion, the author is wary of the extent in which the society sets socio-cultural standards that the women are expected to follow in the course of their development (Serdar 1). With the media emphasizing on the ideal body type and image, it is evident that lots of women will struggle to meet that standards of beauty that are, to a great extent, unattainable. One can easily relate to the plight of the women that constantly struggle to identify themselves with the beauty models in their televisions sets in the form of fashion models, advertisement queens and presenters of renowned shows. The response by the women being discontented about their physical appearance can then be understood from the perspective of Serdar. The society in this case, can be termed as one of factors that result to gender inequalities in the society. As far as this case point is concerned, th e women are forced to lead their lives as per the society not as per their beliefs. Kirk & Okazawa-Rey explain how the concept of the female appearance has created a beauty business that makes profits of billions every year

From Hacking to Cyber Terrorism Essay -- Computers Software Hackers Es

From Hacking to Cyber Terrorism Introduction Information technology (IT) is evolving everyday and our day-to-day life is becoming more and more dependent on it. In this twenty first century, we cannot imagine ourselves without emails, online banking systems and health care systems and without World Wide Web. In other words, evolution of IT has given a modern, technologically advanced and convenient life to the society. But, over the time we are also observing explosive growth in the darker side of the IT - regarding hacking and cyber crimes. Activities like unauthorized computer intrusion, denial of service (DOS), stealing computer passwords and secure data; causing damage to computer systems and databases and causing damage to individuals/society are not very rare these days. As we go further on this paper, we will see different aspects of hacking, from harmless (simply looking around thru web) to dangerously harmful (cyber-terrorism). Irrespective of harmless or harmful, we need to understand is it ethical and how does it impact the global world. This paper is intended to discuss the ethical issues and moral values involved with this darker side of information technology. This paper also includes discussion on the good side of hacking and how hacking can lead to serious cyber crimes and causes harm to world community. What is a computer hacker? The definition of the computer hacker can be described as follows, 1. In programming, a computing enthusiast. The term is normally applied to people who take a delight in experimenting with system hardware (the electronics), software (computer programs) and communication systems (telephone lines, computer networks etc). 1 2. In data (information... ...Security† - Dorothy Denning and Frank Drake, From Chapter 2, Computers, Ethics and Social values by Johnson and Nissenbaum. 5. â€Å"Computer Security and computer crimes† From Chapter 7, Case Studies in Information and computer ethics by Richard Spinello 6. Hacker Crackdown - By Bruce Sterling http://www.lysator.liu.se/etexts/hacker/ 7. Computer Hacking and Ethics by Brian Harvey http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~bh/hackers.html 8. Hacking: Ethical Issues of the Internet Revolution http://blacksun.box.sk/tutorials.php/id/155 9. Cyber-terrorism http://www-cs.etsu-tn.edu/gotterbarn/stdntppr/ 10. â€Å"Frameworks of ethical analysis â€Å" From Chapter 2, Case Studies in information and computer ethics by Richard Spinello 11. Soren Kierkegaard http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kierkegaard 12. Are hackers terrorists? http://zdnet.com.com/2102-11-528326.html

A Balanced Curriculum: Standards and Assessments for High Performance

The article of David Squires and Angelique Arrington entitled A Balanced Curriculum: Standards and Assessments for High Performance, presented a conversation-style elaboration of the said topic enabling the readers to have a better understanding of the points from the different perspectives of the people involved in the process.The article basically emphasized on how two teachers and a principal discussed their curriculum and the methods they utilize in educating the students through lectures and activities and what needs to be improved for the student's better performance in national tests (Squires & Arrington, 1999). In analyzing this article, both its positive and negative implications are taken into consideration.The authors basically asserted that after observing a development program introduced in a specific school, pursuing the next step would be to examine the curriculum of the school. In doing so, the discussants will be able to have an overview of how the school is balancin g, aligning and assessing their programs to help prepare the students for state exams.Squires and Arrington asserted that pursuing a balanced curriculum will help children develop their skills and meet their needs to participate in the society.To be able to achieve a balanced curriculum, teachers and administrators attend a series of workshops wherein the said strategy is elaborated and simulated.Then, after the realization of the importance of having a balanced curriculum, these people makes an effort to align their planned curriculum with national and state standards involving a series of modifications and compromises to their own standards (Squires & Arrington, 1999).The balancing process also involves the assessment of the curriculum in two ways: the performance and the format assessments. These two methods were designed to see both the understanding and application of concepts by the students. It is through this last step that the decision-makers examine if they were able to ba lance their curriculum or not and fix those programs that are not able to complement their expectations.As stated earlier, the article poses some strengths and weaknesses. For its strengths, in pursuing a balanced curriculum, the teachers and administrators will find it easier to teach their students while at the same time having an assurance that the students understand the lessons and will be able to integrate such learning in their following years.Moreover, the students will also find it easier to relate to the lessons with an application of the concepts and have a higher chance of performing well in the national exams with the improved preparations made.On the contrary, applying a balanced curriculum requires a lot of work and policy-making skills especially since it involves the process of aligning and assessments. In addition to that, a great amount of effort is needed in aligning one's curriculum to the national standards and framework.To be able to enhance the positive manif estations of a balanced curriculum and to be able to transform the weaknesses to something beneficial for the teachers, the decision-makers should really be consistent and eager in pursuing their desired curriculum especially since it requires a lot of studies and thinking. Moreover, the involved people especially the teachers should continue to have a drive in enhancing their curriculum for the welfare of their students.Lastly, looking back at the article of Squires and Arrington, it is observably an essential and critical study in the development of the teaching methods of teachers and their standards. It is also very important as a basis for other researchers in developing the curriculum utilized by instructors and how the students will be able to cover everything they need for a specific grade level.ReferencesSquires, D.A. & Arrington, A. (1999). A Balanced Curriculum: Standards and Assessments for High Performance. Teacher's College Columbia University.

National Organization Of Collegiate American Students

Gonzalez 1 Anni Gonzalez R Sherry Sharifian Government 2305-73005 23 April 2017 National Organization of Collegiate American Students Needing Help The National Organization of Collegiate American Students Needing Help (NOCASH) is a new association of students that are trying to fight against the increasing prices to attend college. The group of students that made up this organization attend the same the college, and they realized how much the costs for tuition and materials needed for the different courses are increasing. Therefore, the students got together and decided that if they wanted their organization to get recognition and to make actual changes on this issue, they needed to make themselves heard on their college. So, this group of†¦show more content†¦Also, they will create a web page to receive any donations to their cause. They will go to public places to make propaganda about their organization, and recruit even more members. The leaders of this organization, the students who founded it, thought that as a new organization they cannot spend their entire savings trying to lobby and persuade elected leaders. So, they decided to convene pacific rallies in days and places to get the attention of the media (TV and radio), so their words are spread all over the state and beyond. At the same time, the organization started to research about the different elected leaders to find who has the kind of ideology that supports their interests, and throughout social media and the rallies that they will carry out, they will catch the attention of this elected leader who will support their cause. 1 Other organizations that have made a difference on this kind of issues are the National Organization of Financial Aid Administrators, Complete College America, The National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education, Student Loan Justice, and The Institute for College Access and Success, organizations which I have never heard of them. This organizations apply techniques that NOCASH might consider, for example: to conduct research and obtain information on how college can be more accessible, to communicate performances to the different educationShow MoreRelatedCollege Athletes Should Receive A Paycheck1474 Words   |  6 PagesThe National Collegiate Athletic Association is a â€Å"membership-driven organization dedicated to safeguarding the well-being of student-athletes and equipping them with the skills to succeed on the playing field, in the classroom and throughout life† (NCAA.org). In the past few years, there has been a lot of controversy over whether or not colleg e athletes should receive a paycheck to play their sports. 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However, the ideology of inter-collegiate athletics, amateurism, and sportsmanship masks the troubling problem for many of the players; the ban on paying student athletes. The National Collegiate Athletic Association is a 6 billion dollar a year institution that is a so-called, â€Å"non-profit organization.† While they claimRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Compensated?1321 Words   |  5 Pages100,000 collegiate athletes participate in a variety of different sports across the country and do not receive financial compensation for their performances. Dating back to the 1800’s, intercollegiate athletics have played a very important role in American life, not only for the players but for fans as well. Ra nked among the most popular sports in the United States, â€Å"College football alone attracted its third-highest attendance total ever with 48,958,547 fans in 2012† (National Collegiate Athletics

Definition and Examples of Heat Energy

Most people use the word heat to describe something that feels warm, however in science, thermodynamic equations, in particular, heat is defined as the flow of energy between two systems by means of kinetic energy. This can take the form of transferring energy from a warm object to a cooler object. More simply put, heat energy, also called thermal energy or simply heat, is transferred from one location to another by particles bouncing into each other. All matter contains heat energy, and the more heat energy that is present, the hotter an item or area will be. Heat vs. Temperature The distinction between heat and  temperature  is  subtle  but very important. Heat refers to the transfer of energy between systems (or bodies), whereas temperature is determined by the energy contained within a singular system (or body). In other words, heat is energy, while temperature is a measure of energy. Adding heat will increase a bodys temperature while removing heat will lower the temperature, thus changes in temperature are the result of the presence of heat, or conversely, the lack of heat. You can measure the temperature of a room by placing a thermometer in the room and measuring the ambient air temperature. You can add heat to a room by turning on a space  heater. As the heat is added to the room, the temperature rises. Particles have more energy at higher temperatures, and as this energy is transferred from one system to another, the fast-moving particles will collide with slower moving particles. As they collide, the faster particle will transfer some of its energy to the slower particle, and the process will continue until all the particles are operating at the same rate. This is called thermal  equilibrium. Units of Heat The SI unit for heat is a form of energy called the joule (J). Heat is frequently also measured in the calorie (cal), which is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water from 14.5 degrees Celsius to 15.5 degrees Celsius. Heat is also sometimes measured in British thermal units or Btu. Sign Conventions for Heat Energy Transfer In physical equations, the amount of heat transferred is usually denoted by the symbol Q. Heat transfer may be indicated by either a positive or negative number. Heat that is released into the surroundings is written as a negative quantity (Q 0). When heat is absorbed from the surroundings, it is written as a positive value (Q 0). Ways of Transferring Heat There are three basic ways to transfer heat: convection, conduction, and radiation. Many homes are heated through the convection process, which  transfers heat energy through gases or liquids. In the home, as the air is heated, the particles gain heat energy allowing them to move faster, warming the cooler particles. Since hot  air is  less dense than cold air, it will rise.  As the cooler air falls, it can be drawn into our heating systems which will again allow the faster particles to heat up the air. This is considered a circular flow of air and is called a  convection current.  These currents  circle  and heat  our homes. The conduction process is the transfer of heat energy from one solid to another, basically, two things that are touching. We can see an example of this can be seen when we cook on the stove. When we place the cool pan down on the hot burner, heat energy is transferred from the burner to the pan, which in turn heats up. Radiation is a process in which heat moves through places where there are no molecules, and is actually a form of electromagnetic energy. Any item whose heat can be felt without direct connection is radiating energy. You can see this in the heat of the sun, the feeling of heat coming off a bonfire thats several feet away, and even in the fact that rooms full of people will naturally being warmer than empty rooms because each persons body is radiating heat.

The Critical Analysis Of Sun Tzu s The Art Of War

The Critical Analysis of Sun Tzu’s the Art of War Introduction The leadership is an art which is based on invention, determination, irony, and a reflective identity (Grint, 2000). The Sun Tzu’s the Art of War is an ancient remaining military piece in the world and often considered the best. This book has powerful principles of human behavior and rules of conduct for military leaders. It also enumerates philosophies of war and how to win battles in any situation. The maxims of a Chinese legionnaires who lived more than 2000 years ago can help modern businesses be more successful (Business Horizons, 1994, p. 1). The Art of War has a theme that is surrounded to every other theme, especially in respect to knowing self and opposition. The Art of War Strategic Leadership Principles and Thinking If we can understand first few chapters of the Art of War, then we will learn many characteristics to apply to our strategic leadership. 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